Bowel symptoms are a very sensitive topic for most people. Some of the symptoms that often prompt referral to Jayson include:

• Rectal bleeding

• Obstructed defaecation or constipation

• Faecal incontinence

• Constipation

Reluctance to seek assessment and treatment of colorectal symptoms is very common. Many people suffer for prolonged periods prior to seeking help as a result, often living with very significant impact on their quality of life. Many others are under the impression that their symptoms are “normal” or “just part of getting older”. Most patients are surprised to learn how common and treatable their symptoms are. Additionally, seemingly innocuous bowel symptoms can have serious or sinister causes in some cases, making the timely assessment of bowel symptoms even more important.

Colorectal cancer is a malignant tumour that develops in the large intestine (either the colon or rectum). It is a leading cause of cancer, both in Australia and worldwide. It is highly treatable, especially when detected in its early stages. There are a range of treatments which are tailored to the individual patient, but often involves surgery. It is also very important to screen for colorectal cancer for all individuals over the age of 45, or younger in some instances.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic medical condition that affects the gastrointestinal tract. It includes both Crohn's disease and Ulcerative colitis. These conditions are characterised by chronic inflammation, which can lead to a range of symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhoea, weight loss, and fatigue. Other organs can also be affected. Both Crohn’s disease and Ulcerative colitis are lifelong conditions that require ongoing medical care and monitoring by both a gastroenterologist and, often, a colorectal surgeon.

Diverticulosis is a common medical condition that commonly affects the colon (large intestine). It is characterised by the formation of small, pouch-like protrusions or pockets (called ‘diverticulae’) in the colon wall. These are entirely benign and most affected individuals will not develop symptoms. However, diverticulosis can cause a range of clinical problems, most commonly inflammation (called ‘diverticulitis’). Surgery is sometimes required for the management of complications of diverticulosis such as inflammation, perforation, bleeding, stricture or recurrent complicated attacks.

Rectal prolapse is the term given to the situation where the rectum protrudes from the anus (external prolapse) or ‘telescopes’ within itself internally (internal intussusception). This can lead to pelvic or anal discomfort, the sense of a protruding lump when straining, bowel incontinence, bleeding or difficulties evacuating bowel motions. Treatment involves dietary and lifestyle changes, pelvic floor physiotherapy or surgery in severe cases.

Haemorrhoids are benign collections of blood vessels and connective tissue in the anal canal. They are often associated with constipation, excessive straining during bowel movements or time sitting on the toilet or pregnancy and childbirth. They can cause discomfort, itching, bleeding during bowel movements or the sense of a lump near the anus. Treatment includes dietary changes, topical creams, and, in some cases, medical procedures or surgery for more advanced cases.

An anal fistula is an abnormal tunnel that forms between the inside of the anus and the skin around the anus. It is very common, especially in young people. While there are various causes, it is often the result of an infection near the anal canal. Anal fistula can cause pain, swelling, and discharge. Surgical treatment is usually necessary to repair the fistula and prevent recurrence.

An anal fissure is a tear in the lining of the anal canal, which usually leads to bleeding and severe pain with and/or after bowel movements. It is commonly associated with constipation and excessive straining, but not always. Anal fissures can typically be managed with dietary changes, lifestyle adjustments, and topical medications, but in some cases, medical intervention may be required for more severe or chronic fissures.

A pilonidal sinus is a small tunnel or cavity that forms under the skin, typically at the top of the buttock (natal) cleft. It can become infected and cause symptoms like pain, swelling, and drainage of pus. A single or series of small open wounds may be visible in the natal cleft. This is caused by hair that burrows through the skin of the natal cleft, likely encouraged by friction with movement or sitting. Treatment may involve draining abscesses, antibiotics, and occasionally surgery to remove the sinus tract.